In microservice-based systems, e2e testing is usually treated as a validation layer rather than a replacement for unit or integration tests. Since each service evolves independently, trying to test everything end to end quickly becomes brittle.
A practical approach is to identify a small set of business-critical workflows that represent real user behavior. These flows typically span multiple services, APIs, databases, and sometimes third-party systems. End-to-end tests then validate whether these workflows still function correctly after changes.
In real-world setups, e2e testing helps teams catch issues like broken service communication, configuration errors, or unexpected dependency failures that isolated tests often miss. The key is keeping coverage focused and running these tests at meaningful stages such as pre-release or post-deploy validation.
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